Hypercoagulable States (Last Updated - 1/1/2026)

-can be either inherited or acquired:

A) Inherited:
     1) Factor V Leiden mutation --> most common inherited cause
     2) Protein C or Protein S deficiency
     3) Anti-Thrombin III deficiency
     4) Hyperhomocysteinemia
     5) Fibrinolysis defects

B) Acquired:
     1) Prolonged bedrest / immobilization
     2) Myocardial Infarction (MI)
     3) Trauma (Ex.) surgery or fracture)
     4) DIC
     5) Hyperlipidemia
     6) Vasculitis
     7) Multiple Myeloma
     8) Lupus Anit-Coagulant (Anti-Phospholipid Ab Syndrome)
     9) Nephrotic Syndrome
     10) Smoking
     11) Cancer
     12) Oral Contraceptives (OCP's)
     13) Pregnancy
     14) Warfarin (Coumadin) --> @ initiation of tx until INR is therapeutic

C) Workup Prior To PFO Closure:
     1) Protein C Level
     2) Protein S Level
     3) Factor V Leiden Mutation
     4) Factor VIII Level
     5) Prothrombin Gene Mutation
     6) Anti-Thrombin III Antibody
     7) Anti-Cardiolipin Antibody
     8) Homocysteine Level


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References:

First Aid for the USMLE Step 2. 2002. Pg. 202